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                  <text>December 7, 1994
Edward Shorter, Ph.D.
Faculty of Medicine
University of Toronto
88 College Street
Toronto, Canada MSG 1L4
Dear Dr. Shorter,
In 1983, in preparation for the 50th anniversary of the ﬁrst induction of seizures
for mental illness, I sought historical data from Meduna’s family [could not ﬁnd any member] and
from his co-workers. One sent me a hand edited copy of an autobiography, seemingly written in
response to a shorter version prepared for Marti-Ibanez, Sackler, Sackler &amp; Sackler: The Great
Physiodynamic Therapies, 1956, Hoeber-Harper, New York.
The text needed much editing. As Editor of Convulsive Therapy, I published the
text in the ﬁrst two numbers of Convulsive Therapy [1985; 1:43-57; 121-138]. I used this text
and the shorter Marti-Ibanez et al text for my 1984 article.
Another version of Meduna’s history was written by Walter Freeman, MD. in The
Psychiatrist: Personalitiesand Patterns, Grune &amp; Stratton, New York, 1968.

Of the various versions, the edited autobiography rings truest. I met Meduna on a
number of occasions, and was impressed by his modesty, sincerity, and appreciated him as a
‘

gentleman’

.

The journal Convulsive Therapy is available at the Clarke Institute.
Sincerely yours,

Max Fink, MD.
Professor of Psychiatry
and Neurology

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              <text>1993 </text>
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              <text>Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries. Stony Brook University Libraries (State University of New York).</text>
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