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                  <text>May 8, 1993

Committee on Ethics
American Psychological Association
1200 Seventeenth Street, NW; Room 406
Washington, DC. 20036
Gentlemen:
am writing in response to the complaint of improper ethics charged
by Ms. Linda Andre against Professor Harold Sackeim of Columbia University.
I

am acquainted with the professional activities of Dr. Sackeim for
more than a decade. participated in the symposium on ECT which he
organized at the New York Academy of Sciences in 1985; we worked together
on the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Electroconvulsive
Therapy, 1988-1990; and he has been an invaluable member of the Editorial
Board of the journal Convu/sive Therapy since its inauguration in 1985.
I

I

date of the complaint, the ECT
review course under the auspices of CME, Inc. chaired that course and was
responsible for inviting Dr. Sackeim and for planning the course.
With regard to the cited location and

I

am personally acquainted with Ms. Linda Andre. first became aware
of her activities when was asked to be an expert witness for defendants in a
malpractice suit in which she alleges that she received ECT without proper
consent, that the diagnosis was erroneous, and that she has been left with
permanent memory lacunae for events over her whole lifespan. In reviewing this
case, have read the hospital record, including summaries of her prior
psychiatric hospitalizations; her record of suicidality and psychosis; her
deposition and that of her treating therapists; as well as supporting
documentation.
I

I

I

I

On the occasion of the course in which Dr. Sackeim is alleged to have
lied, Ms. Andre took the microphone during the question period, harangued me
for my failure to acquiesce to her statements that memory loss was permanent.
During this time, she stood with a large covered object, and when failed to
answer her queries, she marched up to the platform and placed a large black
skillet with an animal’s brain in it; the brain was lying on a bed of dollar bills.
I

�American Psychopathological Association

Page 2

When gave a public lecture before the SUNY History of Medicine
the history of the anti-psychiatry movement, Ms. Andre attended and
on
group
again argued with me about her rights as a patient, and my failure to credit her
brain damage or to acknowledge that she had been assaulted by physicians.
I

She travelled to an international meeting on ECT in Graz, Austria. As
chairman of the first session, called for questions after presentations on the
practice of ECT in Europe. She took the floor and again challenged me for my
lack of interest in her memory problems and those of other patients whom she
alleges had been assaulted by psychiatrists.
I

On the specific allegations made in her complaint, I find these
fabricated and the result of her pathological imagination and thoughts. In
response to inquiries from the audience, Professor Sackeim described events in
his practice which reflected the problems of the intrusiveness of the antipsychiatry advocates. He did not mention Ms. Andre by name, nor did he
specify any individual. Her association that the description referred to her is a
paranoid identification, and is consistent with her psychopathology.
On the more general complaints, the present effort at harassment is
part of her present life activity as the leader of the Committee for Truth in
Psychiatry. Ms. Andre dedicates her life to challenging psychiatrists, and
particularly those interested in convulsive therapy. Her legal suit has not been
adjudicated, and she seeks adjudication in the public arena before that in the
legal arena.

urge the APA to hold Dr. Sackeim blameless and return the
challenge to Ms. Andre with an appropriate admonition.
I

Sincerely yours,

Max Fink, MD.
Professor of Psychiatry

and Neurology
Editor, Convulsive Therapy
Member, APA Task Forces on
ECT, 1975-1978; 1988-1990

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