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                  <text>August 5, 1990
Credentials Committee
Medical Staff Affairs Office

Box 0208, M-181
San Francisco, CA 94143

Gentlemen:
I am writing this letter regarding privileging in electroconvulsive
therapy, at the request and on behalf of Professor REESE T. JONES, Professor
of Psychiatry at the Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute and the University of
California at San Francisco. I have known Reese since the late 19605 when we
were both interested in research into cannabis. His electrophysiologic studies
paralleled my own, and we met frequently at national and international meetings,
and national committees of NIMH and NIDA, to talk about our work. Reese is a
sophisticated and experienced clinician, clinical pharmacologist, electrophysiologist, and researcher.
My interest in ECT goes back to 1952. NIMH supported studies of
ECT at Hillside Hospital and the New York Medical College led to numerous
publications in ECT; organizing a conference and publishing a book on the
Psychobiology of Convulsive Therapy (1974); a text Convulsive Therapy: Theory
and Practice (1979); and chief editorship of the quarterly journal CONVULSIVE
THERAPY since 1985. I was a member of the 1975-1978 APA Task Force on
ECT, edited many of the chapters of the 1978 report; and again, a member of the
latest APA Task Force which just published The Practice of ECT:
Recommendations for Treatment, Training and Privileging (1990). Since 1988, we
at Stony Brook have developed a ’hand-on’ training course in ECT for
practitioners, one of only two in the nation.

For the past five years, I have been director of the ECT Service at
Stony Brook, with full responsibility for privileging the professional staff in ECT.
(Fritz Henn, M.D., Ph.D., the Department chairman, is among those privileged in
ECT during the past few years.)
Sometime in 1989 Reese called to ask if he could come to Stony Brook
for training in ECT, as he was asked to re-establish a program in ECT at the
Langley Porter Institute. I agreed. In December, 1989 we met at the ACNP
meetings, reviewed his knowledge and experience, and based on that information
I laid out a 3-day program at Stony Brook which would meet the new guidelines
of the APA Task Force report. He invited me to San Francisco to meet the staff,
visit the facilities, and lecture on ECT. I did so on April 3-4, 1990. I was
impressed with the staff interest in ECT, met with the residents and made ward
rounds, finding three patients for whom ECT was clearly a legitimate option in
treatment. One was presented in a staff conference.

�Reese joined me at Stony Brook for three full days of teaching, on May

2, 3, and 4. I arranged for patients to be treated each of those days. His schedule
included ’hands-on’ treatment of 12 patients, some with unilateral and some with

bilateral placement; monitoring of seizure duration by cuff, heart rate, and EEG;
monitoring of ECG, blood oxygen, blood pressure, and heart rate; and the
determination of the degree of motor paralysis using a muscle stimulator. We also
demonstrated the seizure enhancing properties of caffeine; inductions with and
without glycopyrollate; anesthesia with methohexital and etomidate; modification
of blood pressure using trimethaphan; and blocking of a prolonged seizure using
diazepam. We discussed, for each case, the basis for the selection of energy,
electrode placement, frequency of treatment, and number of treatments. For our
out-patients, we reviewed the process of continuation and maintenance
treatments, using drugs and/or ECT. We also discussed the role and merits of
concomitant psychoactive drug use.
In addition, Reese made rounds each morning, interviewing each
patient on my service (about 15). We discussed the indications for ECT, how we
develop a risk/benefit analysis for each case to determine the suitability of ECT.
We reviewed the pre-treatment work-up including laboratory tests and the aims
of consultations with medicine, anesthesiology, and dentistry.
In the afternoons, Reese was in didactic sessions with my associates
and myself. He worked with our ECT nurse, Mrs. Irene Carasiti, and participated
in the discussions and videotape session which makes up our informed consent
process.I gave him a pre-print copy of the 1990 APA Task Force report; we
discussed the changes from the 1978 report; reviewed the main items of patient
selection, determination of risks and tactics to minimize risk; and the thorny
problems of training and privileging.
In didactic sessions, we reviewed issues of consent, mechanisms of
action of ECT, electrophysiology and cardiovascular physiology, and anesthetic
considerations.
At the time Reese left, we were both exhausted. I was delighted with
his knowledge and understanding. We had covered and met all the guidelines of
the new APA recommendations.
I am pleased to recommend Reese Jones for privileges in ECT; with
endorsement for routine treatments as well as the treatment of high-risk,
medically ill patients.
Sincerelyn yours,

Max Fink, MD.
Professor of Psychiatry
Attending Psychiatrist,
University Hospital

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