http://exhibits.library.stonybrook.edu/mfp/files/original/398a9888bb04b9dd29702d2b5bd4ed20.pdf 6401dff98d084ba6cb4059b58c432554 PDF Text Text July 31, 1989 Muriel Young, M.D. E-43 SK-Beecham 1500 Spring Garden Philadelphia, PA Street 19101 Dear Dr. Young, produces a systematic amnesia which is proportional to patient age, frequency and number of treatments, electrode placement, intensity of currents, waveform, and associated medications. The amnesia is reversible, with an improvement in time after the last treatments such that patients no longer show measurable deficits from 6-12 weeks after the last treatment. There are some patients, however, who consistently complain of amnestic disturbances and these have been associated with specific currents and electrode placements, and some modified frequencies of treatment (like multiple treatments in one ECT session). The animal model (Electroconvulsive shock- ECS) has an extensive literature as the effects of drugs on ECS induced amnesia in rats or mice is a standard pharmacological test for almost any psychoactive substance. In man, there have been systematic trials of some putative anti-amnestic agents on the ECT process, notably with pemoline (Cylert), ACTH 4-10 (ORG 2766), piracetam, etiracetam, vasopressin, and l-tryptophan. Many of the studies have been well designed with adequate controls, but the results have generally been disappointing, i.e., the effects on ECT induced amnesia have been modest. recent trial, a collaborative study of pramiracetam, has not yet been published or officially presented, but the 'grapevine newsletter' states that the experimental and control groups were not distinguishable in the effects on tests in a cognitive battery but that the experimental group fared The most better on improvement scores. �on hydergine and ECT in press in the J. Psychiatry finds an effect on improvement scores for the experimental group but not an effect on memory tests. A report is The ECT DATABASE a service of the CONVULSIVE THERAPY readers and authors. to its citations for memory enhancing, nootropic, elicited the citations which are attached. a basis for deciding whether the ECT and clin. editors of Culling the 4500 specific drugs These should give you model may be useful in the assessment of your compounds. As for the usage of ECT in the U.S., we lack any good assessment. The last measurement was done in 1977 by the APA Task Force; similar assessments were done in Great Britain in 1980 and Ireland in 1982. These find that usage is about 4.1 to 4.5 patients treated annually per 10,000 population. These figures should be corrected for the fact that ECT is rarely given to persons under 20 years of age, and more often in patients over 50 years of age. It is my impression that usage is increasing, although my impression may be faulty, resulting from the number of inquiries about ECT which I get each day. I trust these comments are useful. Sincerely yours, Max Fink, Editor cc: J.0. Cole M.D. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence to: Young, Muriel Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mfp-05-00-031-7-175 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a title="Fink, Max, 1923-" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79039548" target="_blank">Fink, Max, 1923-</a> Subject The topic of the resource Correspondence -- Correspondence Relation A related resource The Max Fink Collection Description An account of the resource Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED" href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/" target="_blank">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries. Stony Brook University Libraries (State University of New York). Language A language of the resource en-US Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Correspondence