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                  <text>May

Dear Dr. Goldfarb,

Enclosed

is the reprint you requested. The problem that
APA is an important one, deserving of the

you addressed at the

detailed

and

28, 1976

controlled studies

which have become the hallmark

of recent research efforts in this country.
of

my remarks was in part occasioned by the
Task Force on Convulsive THerapy held earlier
heard from a number of EST practitioners that they

The burden

hearings that the

APA

that week. We
were uniquely successful in

treating thousands of patients without
succinylcholine, barbiturate or anesthesia, without memory loss or
other discomfort, without missed seizures or panic or failure of
patients to return to treatment. In tine with that experience, your
anecdotal report seemed to be of the same nature—- observations
without a comparison or control group, and without evidence in
the report of detailed attention to the problems of consent by
psychiatrically ill to procedures that are clearly experimental.
Further, since you were willing to push the limits of the number
of seizures beyond those in the literature, it seems essential that
peer review of the protocol be included in the report. If there was
peer review, then a comparison group would have been essential; its
lack suggested that peer review was cursory and perfunctory~~ surely
not acceptable in a procedure as potentially damaging as induced
seizures.

One other point-- your text suggested that the increased
frequency of seizures was an attempt on your part to reduce hospitalisation in a situation where you were overwhelmed by a large number

of patients and an inadequate number of personnel to care for them.
This is an inadequate justification for a research effort unless
duration of hospitalization and aftercare are part of the project.
In the report, the use of drugs after and during EST seemed uncontrolled
and therefore to nullify the significance of your observations.
There is need for a controlled study of multiple EST, and
I hope that you will undertake such an effort-— with regular EST as
a comparison group, peer review of the protocol, and consent procedures
that are well defined. Good luck !

Sincerely yours,
Pink, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry
Max

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