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                  <text>73I~639

April 25. 1973
Steven Zornntzer, Ph.D.,
Dcpnrtmnnt of Heurosniuncon,

Uhivuruity of Florida,
Guineaville. Florida 32601.
Don: Stava.
The

Therc are two quastians rqsnrding memory function and

eluctrical nativity. In a seixuro naeessary for tbs alteration
in unwary function! Tb-vhat extent doe: thn electrode
locatian noaify the errant: on memory, regardleoa of whather

the entrant is seizureuindncing or subthronhold!

In our wart vith patients we hava rnpactedly fauna that
the applicatian or electrical current through alestrodea
whiah ﬁrm eithar an can side er bitemporal, do not change the
behgv&amp;or of thn subject. unlenl a actauro (convulsion) oeaurs.
With nubthronhold Iﬁimnlation, tummovunenx does not occur.
In my enrly work in did check an manory changes and axing
vary gross anasuroa VB dié not tinﬂ changes in manor: function
with tubthrtshold aﬁimnlation. In those dart we wtro
dalightud bnasuan v. did balilva that improvamnnt and memory
worked with
changas ”hat hand in bsnd. ﬁbre recenxly, as
unilateral oloetrodg glaaannnt. and datuilad unwary tasks
fbcusnod on varbal and nonuvutbtl. visual ar auditory

it

parameters. vm did not npeeifionlly lack for the effects of
the Iﬁbthrashold stimulation. With seizures induned through
unilateral aleetradoa, we and other: haw: fauna that manory
ahnngon an occur. Th: tyve and dagrco or unwary change in
diroctly ralated to tbs looa$1on of tha clactrodal. Thus,
bitempornl electrode placuunnt elicit: grattar engages in
vurbul and auditory manory tasks than any uniluter&amp;l electrode
Electrodaa ova: tbs non~aam1nant hemisphere
placumant.
unutlly cliait lesser degreus of unwary interference, and thus:
are tbcuaacd on non~vurba1. visual tasks. I! unilateral
e1n¢trodus are pinced ova: thc dominant hemisphere. thc
chanson in.munory tanks are sraaﬁar and more manltunt on
verbal. auditory typo tasks. Lately, one or my cavarkcrn has

”Ar

w

'

for yuur additiannl figure uhieh I think
gublishar has not yut reeated to our submission.

Thank yau

in better.

‘

-

:¢.’Y"u

r.—

Iwmw

z—meIr—f

:

WW?“

«3sz

W'Wﬂr

‘

�Steven Zorneteer, ?h.D.

Ayrll 25, 1973

~2—

series of experiments with the electrodes hlfrontelly

done a

placed and showed that the

memory changes

are even less than

the unilateral nonwdominant. Unfortunately he did not do the
specific tests to separate verbal tram non~verhel aspects.
Thus, ve would have to answer our questions that in man
tasks are interfered with.when aeituree (eonwuleione)
are p-oduced and the type and degree of’memory task inter~

memory

is

ferenee

aamehew

related to electrode location.

first question. whether

a seizure is necessary for
tunetion, does not find en answer
in human literature to my knewledge. I knew the eentroverey
is real in the week that Jim and other. hsve been doing. In
yeur work, I would be particularly sensitive to some measures
of eurrent intensity and duretiea. eleetrode location, but
also evidence for selsure (and its duration) end/or convulsion.
From your letter it’d: not clear to me whether yen can eleerly
parcel out the contribution of eubthreshold and eupre~
threshold electric currents.
an

My

alteration of

memory

With regard to your lent question, the evidence is
quite eleer that if electric currents are intredueed over
one side of the scalp. theme may or may not cross eontrelaterally (es reflected by the development of canvulelons
or electric seizure activity) and this transfer depends
directly on the emeunt or entrant delivered.
The aeeampenylng ante to ell the participants in the
eenrerenee will bring you my to date as to the statue of ear

volume.

my

best personal regards.
Blneerely yours,

Mex

Fink,

M.D.

Executive Director

MF/id

ﬁne.

‘

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              <text>Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries. Stony Brook University Libraries (State University of New York).</text>
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