http://exhibits.library.stonybrook.edu/mfp/files/original/c1a1aa6de811d0a1630b2188051d512d.pdf a467aa19b75ccf3c7353e27cd875e8ef PDF Text Text M. FINK From the Department of Experimental Psychiatry, Hillside Hospital 7 Glen Oaks (N. Y.) Meeting on the Techniques for the Study of Psychotropic Drugs Bologna 1960 DISCUSSION OF THE REPORT OF Prof. MARCEL MONNIER Reprinted from the: of Acta of the International Meeting on the Techniques for the Study Psychotropic Drugs» - Bologna June 26-27th 1960 « MODENA —>SOCIETA TIPOGRAFICA MODENESE �Dr. Monnier‘s excellent review presents a vivid picture of neurophysiologic techniques in the study of drug effects. From monosyna‘ptic and poly— synaptic to organismic patterns the methods of study appear rich in promise. One phase of these studies, that of cortical EEG analysis, has been of considerable interest to our laboratory, Changes in EEG patterns induced by pharmacologic agents are generally considered to be poorly related to changes in clinical behavior. Yet, from the extensive experience with anesthetics, alcohol. sedatives and convulsants, and the theoretical views ascribing to brain function a central role in conscious behavior we would expect that psychotropic drugs may also have significant electrographic behavioral relations. The difficulties in such studies lie in inter—species differences in physiologic response, the range of inter-individual and intra—individual variability in both neurophysiologic and behavioral parameters, and the wide variety of events which must be measured to obtain a reasonable image of mammalian interactive behavior. A further difficulty has been a lack of reasonable theo— retic models of brain function-behavioral interrelations. Recent suggestions, however, may be helpful, including the synaptic models of Marrazz‘i (l) amongst others; the brain stem models of Magoun, as elaborated by Hi‘mwich (2): and the general neuro‘physiovloglic~adaptive views of Wlikler (3), Weinstein (4‘) and our laboratory (5). In 1954. Wikler (6) stated that drugs that alter human behavior in the direction of EEG desynchronization are associated with behavioral excite— ment. alertness, illusory sensations, and hallucinations; while drugs which induce EEG synchronization, with or without increased slowing, are associa— ted with sedation. tranquillization and decreased excitement. In our studies in psychiatric patients, this hypothesis has been substantiated. The following compounds administered in physiologic dosage ranges have been shown to decrease synchronization of the EEG: mescaline, LSD—25, amphetamine; anticholinergics as diethazine, benactyzine. JB—318, JB-336; and local anesthe— tics as cocaine, procaine, and lidocaine. The following agents increase synchronization of the EEG: barbiturates, chlorpromazine and similar pheno— thiazines. meprobamate, and anesthetics as ether, chloroform. etc. In addi— — tion, various compounds without significant clinical behavioral efi'ects have been studied, including phenyltoloxamine, WY-3149 and deanol - and these have inconsistent or indefinable EEG effects. In these studies we have observed. however, that the continuum of synchronization-desynchronization is an oversimplified generalization. In our present view, two other EE‘G pattern changes have assumed considerable prominence. One is a shift of dominant frequencies either to the slow (theta or delta) or the fast (beta) ranges; and the second, the presence of such figures .as burts, spikes or spindling. These latter two patterns were significant in �2 describing the EEG behavioral relations of imipramine (7). Examples of these paterns may he found in publications from this laboratory and elsewhere (8. 9, 10, 11). It is our impression, therefore_ that further EEG analyses of new compounds in man is indeed warranted. We would suggest that the number of quantification procedures be extended to include, in addition to frequency analysis, the techniques of topographic analysis, chronologic analysis - and these techniques may be augmented by computer techniques of summating evoked potentials. In studies of drug effects. not only is it important to define neurophysiologic parameters, but the behavioral parameters are equally significant. The equation of change in rates of animal pole-climbing. bar pressing or jiggleand is inaccurate and excitation human with tranquillization movement cage inappropriate. There is no evidence that such tasks in experimental animals and of to interaction physicians human in significance related to changes are psychologists. Indeed, if one impression dominates the session today, it is that the behaviors studied by pharmacologists are not the behaviors of inte— rest to the clinicians. Further study of the relations between the laboratory tasks highlighted today and human behavioral measures are needed. In this regard multivariate pattern analyses of behavior and the newer applied psycholinguistic techniques may be helpful in defining the changes in human behavior patterns. In conclusions. I wish to reenforce Dr. Monnier’s review, and indicate that increased attention to EEG analyses may be profitable in understanding the mode of action and the significant differences and similarities in psycho— pharmacologic agents. REFERENCES 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Marrazzi A. S., Science 118, 367 (1953). Himwich 11., Rinaldi F., Brain Mechanism and Drug Action, 115-44 C. C. Thomas, Springfield, 1957. Wikler A., The Relation of Psychiatry to Pharmacology. Wm. Wilkins, Baltimore, 1957. Weinstein E. A., and Kahn R. L., Denial of Illness: Symbolic and Physiological Aspects. C. Thomas, Springfield, Ill. 1955. Fink M., A Unified Theory of the Action of Physiodynamic Therapies. J. Hillside Hospital 6, 197 (1957) Wikler A., J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 120, 157 (1954). Fink M., Canad. Psych. Assoc. J. 4, 1668 (1959). Fink M., Neuro-Psychopharmacology, ed. Bradley, P., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 441446, 1960. 9) Kink M., EEG. Clin. Neurophysicl. 12, 359 (1960). 110) Verdeaux G., Marty R., Rev. Neurol., 91, 405 (1954). 11) Bradley P. D., Elkes J., Brain. 80, 77 (1957). ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Published Works Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EEG techniques in study of psychotropic drugs. Acta of the International Meeting on the Techniques for the Study of Psychotropic Drugs, Bologna, 1960. Societa Tipografica Modenese, Modena, 1961: 3pp. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mfp-02-01-003-55-021 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a title="Fink, Max, 1923-" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79039548" target="_blank">Fink, Max, 1923-</a> Subject The topic of the resource Published Works -- Articles and Reviews Relation A related resource The Max Fink Collection Description An account of the resource DISCUSSION OF THE REPORT OF Prof. MARCEL MONNIER. Reprinted from the: Acta of the International Meeting on the Techniques for the Study of Psychotropic Drugs, Bologna June 26-27th 1960 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED" href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/" target="_blank">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries. Stony Brook University Libraries (State University of New York). Language A language of the resource en-US Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Published