http://exhibits.library.stonybrook.edu/mfp/files/original/86dcc852ef57150af5b9234a4c32a667.pdf 0ab52ac497e61e2b06bc38b78babd96f PDF Text Text EFFECTS OF DIFFUSE ALTERED BRAIN FUNCTION ON PERCEPTION BY MAX FINK, ROBERT L. KAHN and HYMAN KORIN ( Hillside Hospital, New York) PROBLEM Recent studies of the relation of perceptual alteration following brain damage have emphasized the role of focal damage. To determine the patterns Of perceptual changes with diffuse alterations in brain function, the following studies were undertaken. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Consecutive subjects in a psychiatric hospital referred for electroshock therapy were studied. Alteration in brain function was induced by varying the frequency, number and severity of the induced convulsions. The following tests were applied before treatment, at weekly intervals during, and two weeks after treatment terminated. A) Measures of altered brain function: Two quantitative indices were used to determine the degree of altered cerebral function: 1) the per cent time, amplitude and lowest frequency of the induced delta response in serial electroencephalograms; 2) changes in orientation and in language following the administration of intravenous amobarbital sodium. B) Perceptual Tests: 1) Tactile: Threshold perception (100 ‘X, point) of square wave electrical stimuli was determined for different body areas. Stimuli were then applied simultaneously to two body areas, with interspersed single stimuli in random fashion, and the subject was asked to report where he felt the stimulation. 2) Visual: a) Figure—Ground: Using embedded figures (Gottschaldt) of increasing complexity, subjects were requested to identify a simple geometric figure in a complex background. b) Tachistoscopic recognition: paired words were presented at rapid exposures to subjects. The words were matched according to tables of frequency in common usage, and were of two groups: relating to illness or to the body, and those not relating to illness. Words were matched \ randomly. ‘ �2 THEME 9 RESULTS With increasing degrees of altered brain function, there were increasing errors in reporting the simultaneous tactile stimuli. There was a concomitant rise in the threshold of perception. With high degrees of cerebral dysfunction, mislocalization of responses appeared, in addition to the persistent failure to report one of the stimuli. 2) The ability to isolate embedded figures was impaired in direct relation to the severity of the alteration in brain function. 3) Threshold for the perception of words increased and subjects were unable to identify two words with increasing degrees of cerebral dysfunction. 4) Changes in perception were highly correlated with other behavioral changes, indicative of an altered interaction with the environment. 1) CONCLUSION Diffuse alteration in brain function, as measured by electroencephalographic delta and orientation tests after amobarbital, results in alteration of perceptual patterns marked by an increase in threshold, impaired discrimination of stimuli, of which the ability to discriminate a figure from a complex background is a special example. 2) Alteration in perception represents one aspect of an altered behavioral interaction with the environment, rather than a specific physiological defect. This factor should be considered in perceptual studies in focal brain lesions as well. 1) ape. Inf. (Dong. fliefioa E .- /f57 - gVH-SJa/S �3mm of Emma Altered Brain mum on Pomepticm m Fink, 11.13., mm; L. Kuhn, Bun. md than Karin, 31.33. mm gt the IV International Wrens of Psycholow, annuals, My 30, 3.957. �m at mm» Alton! Brain mum on Pauptian m of this study at alteration in Won fol-loving Mg» in «abut; mum ha been devoted to ram Mom u in nus-31m imam, dials 1!: head’ m md brain tumor. Litfln emphasis usually placed an the We effects of such hum on the pommml prom». In tha acme of this :tudiu in 1:ka therapy, we charred that may 13th aanaidonble neutral 0: the down at induce-d alteration of brain mum. In these studies we ware impressed with the wide variability in the behavioral and nmphyaiologie response 91‘ our subjects to apparent ‘ aquivalent mailbox-n of convulnima. madam We have Max:815? reported the a! the belaviaral napmsaa and the W: inter- dew of apparent new Widow-c manna-grandma mortistodowribgpomoptualchanmmrm conditions cf differing determine the down of diffuse alum brain relatiwahtp of the function, and 150 136th We to the indueed amm- physiologie change. I Three perceptual M113 Visual Visual mm mm utilised: perception of Gamma“ mm wave electriwl 1.3QO or mad gamma stimuli figure; :04»th of tachistooaopdcally presumed wows. �_...___.1 em: subjects were 2310 53 meetive hospitalized patients, rerun-ed fer electroshock. Brain mention was altered by meaning remitted grand m1 cemuleim under pentefiml pmdicetim. a rmqwncy of three time per week. The convulsions were given For a control group, randomly eelected therapy; with equivalent umber of patients received eubeomalsivo Wimtim at pontothnl but with web» eonvuleive doses of electric current. All weluetiwe and same as in the experimental gmup at ~ and the type or each subject was not known to any of the tests were the thetmt in we fer investigator: until the experiment we ended. We Wmmgic indie“ were used. mameMz-ama, taken at weekly intervale an a day after an indueed maveleian, and mfitetively measured for the degree of incheed delta activity; and mobarbital taste for main disease. In this test, the language responses on a etenéandiled interview, are ”use“! after intravenous mobarbital. Mammal, 1W altered eembral fxemtice. denial, disorientation, and eyntuetieel as an 1nd!“ of Both changes have been enema these tests erem applied lure-armament and during the 2nd, are and 5th week: of treatment. The technique ef etch of the three pemeptual tasks will be doaeribad with the eomspmding results. For mm: a! thin mamtetien, the m mm to the quantitative «pacts only, and aa them is a wide variability in mangle response, we idu meant group data for obamatim apex-junta). and control groups wording to» the dogma at first; mum ded- than were physiologic change. the observation: �__.____1 _. In this talk, isolated square WWW 1mm ma emu-ital atimuli were 81ml» We mmugh attnclwd 1 on .. dine electrodes. delivemd to two body point.) valwa were doteminod :or «fix my part and $11“th the tasting, random single stimuli were interspersed to Meme errors due to fluctuatien ef threshold. Subjects were whed to threshold (100% _ localim the nppliefi atimli. Slide 1 deem-1b“ the mean number of errors mtreament, and at the Widogic effect, which is manly after the 12th tram-b. The mzbeouvulsiw (mtml) group shes: a drop in the number of errors, the Mod pmotioa effect.» This canvulsivo group, tamer, Ihm height a? the induced & Meant increase in errors. patients with a who had first The immune in we: were _ manna. Pn-tmtnent,the In Slide 2, the group differences are diffemce in the number of more in the treatment course the difference: In Slide 3. the ineWimt, because ml. of the induced In the firm; section, the subjects in than Waive, and later m—tmtad been treated by a Waive course of thumpy. marked but at the height on? significant mum We is “tossed. who have had two new or thus positive to those with either no uobcrbitn tests during tmtmt are panties new. or only am. The number of errors: are higher in patients with mom positive moberbital responses. diffemnee 101' rm the pmmtmatmnt score, the group with the greater 601%! the Mm m aignificantlv different Wiologie avenge. In the second section, the encephalograpme Furthomom, in comparing the me melts response; and in physiologic inclines are oompared. film are noted for the electro- third motion, the two new �«hm Errors in the 5:9er of ammo“ tactile mm 1mm with increasing degree: at altered brain function. 3: Bamegtim ‘01 W FM, 3: In true task, goo-atria figma embedded in a. complex dasigmd field are premtod «ml the subject is asked to tame the 9112913 figm. The slide 14 shown and subcmvulaive minim or Bath field. simple figure is: simultaneously pmmted above thh complex the man manor warm». 'i'ha 91‘ art-era before and anhconvflaivo or control group, with no mnmphyaiologio change, thaws a drop Waive gramme show utter eumulaiva in the amber of an increase in true tugboa- or W mm. «mm. compared aide 5, the aubeomulaiw and Gamma” m bath befm am} mg the 5th week of treatment. man mamas, m difi'amwe in the who: of arrow is acted. 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In addition to these pomeptual ml: changes, humor, there arm commmt altamtim in behavior, language. ariontatien, attitude and mad, and these am: highly Mama Mending upon individual 612mm“: 1n the subject“. ”the panorama). altemtima ducrihco’ here :3me but �we upset at tbs clung» in the Mom: 111th Farmer studiufi cf this in ”spouse to mmbral lesions are mm hater in pmgrcsa. 91' tam. at” organism. indium mmw � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Published Works Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Effects of diffuse altered brain function on perception. In Proc. XV Int. Congr. Psychol. North Holland, Amsterdam: 1959:15: 238-239. (abstract). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mfp-02-01-003-35-001 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a title="Fink, Max, 1923-" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79039548" target="_blank">Fink, Max, 1923-</a>; Kahn, Robert L.; Korin, Hyman Subject The topic of the resource Published Works -- Articles and Reviews Relation A related resource The Max Fink Collection Description An account of the resource [preprint] and a publication copy. 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