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                    <text>Julia Cunningham
109027335
AAS- Final Project Report
SECTION ONE
Person interviewed: Alexandra Toma
Interviewee’s title or position: Executive Director, Peace and Security Funders Group,
Washington D.C
Date, time, and length of interview: Monday, November 21, 2016 3:00pm

Your objective in conducting this interview: To gain a better understanding of her career and
how it relates to women in Asia-American relations as well as how her gender has affected her
personal career trajectory.

SECTION TWO
Description of the pre-interview research (What did you find out prior to the interview
about the person and/or place with which she is affiliated? How did you prepare for the
interview?)
When I received the name of the person we’d be interviewing I googled it, Alexandra Toma.
This was very fruitful as it lead to her staff page at peaceandsecurity.org which gave an extensive

�biography on her career and academic achievement, such as being named a “Top 99 Under 33”
foreign policy leader by Diplomat Courier. I was initially struck by her impressive resume and
list of achievements at such a young age, even mor so when I went through the other google
search results and discovered her linkedin.com page which mentioned her prestigious list of
former employers including Connect U.S. Fund and George Washington University, alongside
many others.
I also found an article written on her life by insidephilanthropy.com which had a plethora
of information about her family history, including a small excerpt about her Romania refugee
mother, her move to long island as a child, and that she graduated magna cum laude from the
University of Virginia. Additionally that she founded the Fissile Materials Working Group
which focuses on policies to combat nuclear terrorism.
I was also lead to a video interview by the LBJ School of Public Affairs where she spoke
on her reasoning for founding the Fissile Materials Working group, as well as her personal
reasons for her interest in her field, her reasoning for choosing to work in philanthropy, the
methods she uses to pursue her goals, and what her organization and similar organizations need
to move forward in their work. Here she put a lot of emphasis in local funding and direct contact
between communities and the philanthropists.
Using this information I prepared my questions for the interview, putting less emphasis
on her personal life and career trajectory (as the sources I’d already been through had covered
that pretty thoroughly) and planning to focus on her current career, how being a woman affected
this her professionally, what her organizations goals were and how they hoped to advance their
cause in the next 10 years, as well as the advice she would give the next generation of women
entering the field.

�List your interview questions.
Rubab: Ms. Toma, we understand that you are a part of the Peace and Security Funders Group
which focuses on peace and global security. Can you please tell us a little more about this
network and your role as Executive Director?

Follow up: We read that you also founded the Fissile Materials Working Group which aims to
combat nuclear terrorism. Can you please tell us more about that?

Marie: What made you want to become involved in philanthropic work?
How did you start becoming concerned with peace and security issues?
What do you believe is the role of the United States in the international field?

Julia: After everything that the Peace and Security Funders Group has already achieved, what
else do you hope this network will accomplish in the next ten years?

Are there specific issues that you hope to combat next?

Round 2 Questions:

Rubab: Can you describe any legal or technical aspects that impede the progress of your work?
How do you work around these obstacles?

What do you find to be the most difficult aspect of your role in this network?

�Marie: Follow up: You mentioned you work with officials in the government, and that your
work on capitol Hill was often obstructed by politics, have you found one party or the other to be
more receptive to certain things?

Julia: If you could tell the uninformed population one thing about the Peace and Security
Funders Group in order to get them involved, what would that be?

What is something that you believe our generation should be more aware of in terms of
international peace and security issues?

Round 3 Questions:

Rubab: Because our class focuses on the role that women play in US-Asian relations and the
many obstacles that they face due to their sex, have there been any instances in your life where
being a woman has impacted your career path?

Do you believe you have had to face certain obstacles in your career due to the fact that you are a
woman?

Marie: Did you have any female mentors who helped you get where you are today? If not, have
you have any role models in general, and what do you think about the importance such figures
have in our lives?

�Julia: What advice do you have for the next generation of women heading into your field, or
women, in general, who hope to achieve their dreams despite the many challenges they may
face?

SECTION THREE
Answer these questions:
1. Did you get complete answers to your questions? Explain
We did, she gave very thorough answers to our questions which really helped us better
understand the organization she works for, their goals, their progress, as well as how the
intended to expand on their progress. She gave really insightful and practice advice on how
young women are perceived in the business world and she stressed the importance of
negotiating for salary to us which not only was useful to our project but practical advice none
of us will forget.

2. Was your interview structured, unstructured, or mixed?

I think it would definitely qualify as mixed, while we did send a list of the sort of questions
we would be asking ahead of time our final list of questions were different, though similar
enough that the prep for the previous list would assist in answering them, so the interviewee
wasn’t totally blindsided. We asked probing questions and let the interviewee take the
questions and run with it rather than a strict, question, answer, question format. Her comfort
with being interviewed really assisted with that.

�3. What probing questions did you use? Explain

Clarifying or follow up questions to ensure we’d understood her and that she knew we had
understood her. One of the main goals of her industry was to increase government funding of
philanthropic ventures, which naturally raised a follow up questions about any possible
political affiliations. We learned that they work bipartisan to seek funding for charitable
causes. This also led her to discuss the current political climate due to the recent Trump
Election, she worked to remain diplomatic in discussing it but did mention how it threw a lot
of her organizations connections into uncertainty. The Clintons have already been established
in politics for decades, everyone in the field pretty much knew who the useful connections
would be, who would be open to discussing what, in short, how to navigate a Clinton
presidency. Trump on the other hand has no political record; no one is short where the cards
are going to fall and that makes progress slow when you don’t know who to talk to.

4. Explain your team approach. That is, who did what?
We decided to do three rounds of questions each of us asking one question in each round,
totaling nine questions. The questions we asked were structures to influence the information
we received in a pattern of general to specific information. Our first section was loosely
intended to function as a biography and explanation of her work. Our second groups	of	three	
questions	were constructed to understand her job and industry goals and achievements in
better details,	how	they	function	on	a	more	day	to	day	scale	and	how	they	could	better	

�function. Finally our last section was about the future of her industry with specific regard to
any advice she would want to give new women coming into her industry.

5. Did the interviewee give you any documents or references to articles to read, or did she
mention other people for you to talk to (or research)? Explain
She did not give us any additional documents to read though she did mention the importance
of networking and making connections. She named her mentor, Nancy Soderberg, as a
person who was hugely influential in shaping her career and interestingly he woman
mentioned was one of the women in the panel that Rubab did her report on for class.

SECTION FOUR
Insert your interview notes/write up here. Remember to be accurate and concise.
Consider what was said, any emerging trends your interviewee mentioned, different
interpretations, and recommendations for follow up interviews.
One thing she stressed was the importance of how we as young women should present ourselves
as we would be harshly judged, more so than our male counterparts. The idea that younger women are
less respected is something that appeared in a number of the interviews. In ours Ms. Toma said it was
important to Speak professionally, avoid “like”, “Uhm”, “Ya know”s. She also mentioned when she first
entered her field in an attempt to look older she started wearing make-up and glasses, cut her hair

shorter in order to be taken more seriously. Additionally as a young woman minor errors, even
misspeaking, is judged more hardly; you cannot mess up, when a guy makes a slip up, minor

mistake or misspeak people are much more lenient with them, when a woman makes the same

�mistake, particularly a young woman, people are much quicker to judge her as incompetent. Finally
she stressed the importance of equal pay. Pay discrepancy real, she learned this “The hard way” when at
a previous job she found she was being paid less than a male colleague with less education and less

time on the job, after discovering this is was much harder for her to attain equal pay since they were so
used to her being payed less. In the end this wasn’t really fixed until she got a fresh start at a new job and
started negotiating her pay.
She took several minutes to stress to us the important of negotiating pay. She became very
informal during this part of the interview even cursing lightly for emphasis which gave the whole thing a
very relaxed personal feel. Her advice was to always negotiate your salary, do research on what the

average person in your position is payed, and ask for a raise every year. Her advice was though
we might feel uncomfortable doing it, it was the only way to ensure equal pay because “Men
aren’t uncomfortable” they do it every year, so should we. She even gave us advice on the
language to use such as “I appreciate that offer” “let me think about it” “Considerate” “very
generous” “What I need-/know I’m worth”. Never accept off the bat, give it 24 hours.
Another piece of her advice to young women was the importance of male support for professional
women, while many of her professional mentors were women all of her grad school mentors were men.
Her advice was to find men who “get it” and encourage them to encourage change. One example she gave
was her husband who refused to speak on all male panels, calling them “‘man’-els”.
Finally she stressed, like many other interviewees the importance of networking, and told us to
keep her email and if we ever thought of getting in touch to feel free.
My advice to other interviewers would be, don’t be afraid to alienate you interviewee by (nonconfrontationally) asking about how current events affect their profession, everyone has an opinion and

�most are willing to share. It gives a better understanding of how the world around you fits together and
gives a deeper understanding of the subject at hand.

SECTION FIVE (25 points)
Your analysis: What aspects of the interview did you find to be particularly meaningful? What
aspects were not useful? What more would you like to know? What other in-class presentations
did you find particularly useful? Explain
The part I found the most meaningful were when she spoke candidly on her organizations
difficulties and intentions. At one point when I asked if there was anything she could tell the
population at large that she felt would make her job easier or give a better understanding of her
her answer was surprisingly and refreshingly frank; She told us she wished more people had a
better impression of philanthropic organizations, She said the Trump Foundation, the Clinton
foundation, they kind of give philanthropy a bad name. Most of them aren’t like that, most of
them really are trying to help people. I had to admit the general skepticism and cynicism that
seems to have affected much of the country with regard to Charity organizations was at the back
of my mind as well. Hearing from someone who worked in the industry and had a much more
knowledgeable position to speak on them that the majority of the cynicism was unfounded was
actually really uplifting. Additionally I found her take on how the next administration is
disturbing the normal routes for much of her field to be an interesting insiders take on the
situation. Also when she gave us advice on how to present ourselves as young women entering
professional fields I felt that held a lot of practical value that I personally intend to remember and
put into use when the time comes.

�There really weren’t any aspects that I found to be not be useful, she was very
knowledgeable in her field and had an informed and insightful opinions on current affairs and
how to walk into the professional world.
If there were more I’d like to know I’d have to say that I wish I would interview her
again after Trump settles in office to see how the philanthropic field has adjusted and settled.
However this obvious wouldn’t be possible to have gone into at the time of the interview.
Another in-class presentation I personally found very interesting and useful was Laurens
presentation about her WWII Nurse Grandmother, who learned Japanese, weaving, and traveled
with her husband. I thought it gave a very personal and individual example of Asian-&gt; American
relations. Specially how one American can interact with Asia and Asians in a fulfilling and
respectful way. It reminded the class, I feel, that even if you’re not in a high position in the USIP
or a government official or working specially in relations (The women who worked teaching
cultural differences and how to communicate between different cultures for the businessmen she
worked with was also a very interesting field I thought) that it is still worth knowing about how
to interact respectfully with other cultures, and how knowledge of previous less successful
respectful interaction can help you avoid gafs. I thought it was a good cap to the class, and put
into perspective a lot of the things we learned in this course, importance of language, integrating
with local culture, feeling isolated from local culture, etc. In short it reminded me of the practical
advantage of having taken this course, even if none of us specifically move into international
relations, what we learned in this course has practical value for a richer understanding of the
world and a better chance at traveling respectfully.

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�Our interview was with Ms. Alexandra Toma, the Executive Director of the Peace and
Security Funders Group, located in Washington D.C. The mission of this network is to
enhance the effectiveness of philanthropy that is focused on peace and security
issues. Ms. Toma, who also has experience in politics, government, and advocacy,
expressed that more attention should be given to important global issues while
setting politics aside. Her network aims to provide educational opportunities to
members, as well as to encourage collaboration and the exchange of ideas.

2

�The questions we asked were structured to influence the information we received in
a pattern of general to specific information. Our first section was loosely intended to
function as a biography and explanation of her work. Our second group of three
questions was constructed to understand her job and industry goals and
achievements in better detail. Finally, our last section was about the future of her
industry with specific regard to any advice she would want to give new women
coming into her field.
We were active listeners throughout our interview; all of us leaned in and nodded
while she spoke, occasionally throwing in clarification or follow-up questions to
ensure we had understood her and that she knew we had understood. One of the
main goals of her industry is to increase government funding of philanthropic
ventures, which naturally raised follow-up questions about any possible political
affiliations. We learned that they work in a bipartisan manner to seek funding for
charitable causes.
In terms of verbal cues, we maintained a neutral pitch throughout the interview to
portray that we were relaxed, but our pitch changed when we asked questions to
show our interest. We maintained a normal volume and did not have to raise our

3

�voices. Both parties also resumed a steady rate of speaking. In relation to body
language, we had smiles on our faces throughout the interview and tried to maintain
eye contact the best we could through Skype. At times, Ms. Toma did look away
which indicated that she was thinking about her responses before answering.

3

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